A Philosophy Student's Corner - Fred M R

Sin versión en español disponible.   Introduction      Celce -Murcia et al.  (2014) argues that some historians o f language teaching believe that the earlier reform movement played a role in the simultaneous development of both the audiolingual approach in the United States and the oral-situational approach in Britain.  Celce -Murcia et al. go on, explaining that when World War II broke out and made it imperative for the U.S. military to quickly and efficiently teach members of the armed forces how to speak foreign languages and to understand them when spoken by native speakers, the U.S. government hired linguists to help teach languages and develop materials, hence, the audiolingual method was born (which is also, actually, called the army method).      These authors state that the audiolingual method drew on both the reform movement and the direct method, but it also added features from structural linguistics by de Saussure, and behavioral...

English version:   Versión en español debajo.   Introduction      Chomsky’s influence on the rise of cognitive science was not as great as some people think. Research on cognition can be traced back to Gestalt psychology, and authors such as Edward C. Tolman (behaviorist themselves) worked on cognitive research although they were part of the behaviorist movement in psychology. We also have Alan Turing’s contribution to the computational theory of mind in cognitive science thanks to his contributions to mathematics (see the Turing machine). On the other hand, we also have Karl Lashley, a psychologist who studied the functional neuroanatomy of memory with rats in mazes. Not only he studied the engram, but he also did his own hypotheses on complex behavior, which we have already discussed in past articles: the subconscious information processing hypothesis and the task analysis hypothesis.      Nonetheless, this article won’t be...